A slipping clutch is usually caused by wear to the clutch plate and sometimes the flywheel. Clutches will generally wear out over time with normal usage and will usually display certain symptoms before they wear out completely.
The most common symptoms of a slipping clutch include a foul burning smell coming from under the car, an engine that accelerates or revs more than it should when the clutch is released, when accelerating hard or when driving up a steep hill.
One of the main causes of excessive wear and tear on a clutch is not using it properly. This invariably leads to what we call a slipping clutch.
It’s important to be able to identify problems with the clutch early. Over time, a worn clutch plate can also damage other parts of the clutch and transmission, and it can be an expensive repair job if you need to get a mechanic involved.
5 Common Signs Of A Slipping Clutch
If the clutch is on the way to being worn out, but you can still change gears, then this will result in what we call a slipping clutch.
Usually, a slipping clutch will show up in the way the car performs. You can’t examine the clutch condition easily, so sometimes it can be mistaken for problem elsewhere in the engine such as problems with the fuel injection system
Here are a few signs of a slipping clutch, and are often signs that you need a new clutch.
Sign 1. The engine accelerates more than anticipated just after you change gears. This is caused by the flywheel not engaging the clutch disc properly.
Sign 2. The car revving intermittently when going up a steep hill in a high gear. Again, the clutch disc can lose traction for a second, causing the engine to rev.
Sign 3. A foul burning smell. When parts of the clutch get hot because they are slipping and rubbing against each other, this will cause a foul odour.
Sign 4. The clutch pedal will become stiffer than usual, and you won’t need to press it as far for it to disengage the engine.
Sign 5. Clutch Slipping When Accelerating Hard. A sudden increase in engine power can cause the clutch to slip if the clutch plate is not properly engaging with the flywheel.
What causes a clutch to start slipping?
A clutch is made up of many parts, the most important being the flywheel (left), clutch disc (center) and pressure plate (right)
Most modern clutches can be broken down into 4 main components. Here’s a run down of what they are, and how they work.
- The clutch disc (driven plate) – This is attached to the end of the gearbox linkage and is sandwiched between the flywheel and pressure plate. The outer surface of both sides of the clutch disc is covered in a friction material. It is this material that makes contact with the pressure plate and flywheel when the clutch pedal is released, thus transferring the engine power to the gearbox. This is the main serviceable part in the clutch system. When the friction material wears away, the reduced traction can cause a slipping clutch.
- The flywheel – The flywheel is connected directly to the rotating crankshaft of the engine. It’s job is to transfer the power of the engine to the pressure plate, via the clutch disc. The flywheel always rotates at the same speed of the engine. If a worn or damaged clutch disc is not replaced, the flywheel can become damaged and will need to be replaced also.
- The pressure plate – The pressure plate is on the opposing side of the clutch disc and is held in place by a spring loaded mechanism.
- The release bearing – This is one of the most important parts, as it controls the operation of the entire clutch assembly. Most modern clutches utilize a hydraulic system. When the clutch pedal is pressed, a hydraulic fluid is pushed using a master cylinder to a slave cylinder located on the clutch plate. This causes the release bearing (also called the release arm) to move, allowing the diaphragm spring to expand thus releasing the pressure on the pressure plate and clutch disc.
Pressing the clutch pedal, changing gear and then releasing the pedal must happen in a one fluid movement, and at the right engine speed. If you don’t take care of the clutch and use it smoothly, it’s going to become unnecessarily damaged and prematurely worn.
Learning to press and release the clutch pedal at the right time and speed takes practice. This is why learner drivers generally put an extra strain on the clutch when learning.
Learners can also be guilty of what is called “riding the clutch”. Riding the clutch is when you leave your foot resting (slightly pressing) on the clutch pedal, after you have changed gear. This will cause the clutch plate to be partially engaged with the rotating flywheel.
Because the clutch is not fully released, it will wear down the friction plates and possibly damage the flywheel. The release bearing will also still be under pressure and spinning, and this can cause it to become damaged and worn over time too.
A badly worn clutch disc that needed replacement
Of course all clutches will wear out eventually, but certain types of driving conditions will cause it to wear out quicker.
If your daily commute involves sitting in stop-go traffic for an hour and a half each day, then you can be sure that it’s not just your back that’s going to suffer!
Continuously stopping and starting in heavy traffic will wear out your clutch, no matter how good a driver you are. That first instance of contact between the flywheel and clutch disc wears away a small amount of the friction material. Doing it over and over again increases the wear on the disc.
How to diagnose a slipping clutch?
Here are a few tried and tested ways that you can assess the condition of your clutch. Combine these with the history and age of the car, and you should be able to make an accurate assessment of the clutch condition.
- Try to pull away in third gear – If you can manage to pull away from a complete stop in third or fourth gear, without the engine cutting out, then the clutch is slipping. A new clutch should engage fully and the engine would cut out in a higher gear
- Assess the “feel” of the clutch – How does the car respond when you press and release the pedal? If it revs or over accelerates this can point to a slipping clutch. If there is a lack of power, this can also mean the flywheel is slipping against the clutch plate.
- Check the position of the clutch – Does the clutch sit a bit higher when you are not pressing it? Does it take less effort to disengage from the engine? Changes to the position and action of the pedal can also point to a worn clutch.
- Check the brake fluid level – Most modern clutches are hydraulic and will share it’s fluid with the braking system. As the clutch wears, the release bearing will move inwards, causing a drop in clutch/brake fluid in the top up bottle. Locate the fluid reservoir in the engine bay and see if the fluid level is lower than it should be. (A drop in fluid could also be caused by a leak in the braking system, so you should get this checked out as soon as possible by a qualified mechanic)
What Next – How do you fix a slipping clutch?
It all depends on what’s causing it to slip. If a clutch disc or flywheel is damaged or badly worn, then the only fix is to replace the damaged parts. This usually involves stripping down the clutch and sometimes removing the gearbox.
Most modern hydraulic clutch systems are self-adjusting. Meaning they will adjust to compensate for wear to the disc. Others will allow for a certain amount of manual adjustment by adjusting the length of the slave cylinder push-rod. By making the push-rod longer, the decreased amount of friction material on the clutch disc is compensated for. This restores the clutch pedal action back to it’s original state.
Sometimes, topping up the fluid in the clutch hydraulic system can help with a slipping clutch. This can sometimes be a temporary fix for clutch slipping.
In some cases, a drop in fluid reduces the pressure in the master cylinder. Most systems share fluid with the brakes. If you check the brake fluid level is low, topping it up and pumping the clutch pedal a few times can help the situation. Of course, this is assuming there isn’t a problem with the brake system itself, and you would obviously want to get that checked out as soon as possible!
How do you replace a slipping clutch?
If you need to get the clutch replaced, then this is usually a job for a qualified mechanic, or an experienced DIY enthusiast. It’s not something you can do with your car sitting on some jack stands, you’ll need a proper lift or ramp.
If you are getting it done in a garage, be prepared to pay for the labor, as it usually will be a lot more than the cost of just the parts.
Rather than try to explain it, here’s a video of a clutch replacement in a Ford Mustang.
